{"id":20,"date":"2003-11-27T18:48:29","date_gmt":"2003-11-27T18:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gamla.truflun.net\/daniel\/?p=20"},"modified":"2003-11-27T18:48:29","modified_gmt":"2003-11-27T18:48:29","slug":"106995932938697963","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/2003\/11\/27\/106995932938697963\/","title":{"rendered":"106995932938697963"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00ed\u008d dag \u00e6tla \u00e9g a\u00f0 breg\u00f0a a\u00f0eins \u00fat af vananum og r\u00f6fla ekki bara stefnulaust um \u00fea\u00f0 sem m\u00e9r dettur \u00ed\u00ad hug. \u00deess \u00ed\u00ad sta\u00f0 \u00e6tla \u00e9g a\u00f0 birta h\u00e9r grein sem \u00e9g hef skrifa\u00f0 um Stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1l \u00ed\u00ad Georg\u00ed\u00adu sem \u00e9g k\u00fds a\u00f0 kalla: Gr\u00faska\u00f0 um Georg\u00ed\u00adu.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er margt \u00ed\u00ad heiminum sem kemur \u00ed\u00ad p\u00f6rum, t.d. tv\u00ed\u00adburar, vettlingar o.m.fl. Fr\u00e6g er t.d. setningin \u00e2\u20ac\u0153They usually travel in pairs\u00e2\u20ac\u009d<\/em> \u00far mynd Woddy\u00e2\u20ac\u2122s Allen \u00e2\u20ac\u0153What you always wanted to know about sex but were to afraid to ask\u00e2\u20ac\u009d<\/em>. Eitt af \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad sem kemur \u00ed\u00ad p\u00f6rum \u00ed\u00ad \u00feessum heimi er Georg\u00ed\u00ada. Eina er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed\u00ad su\u00f0urr\u00ed\u00adkjum Bandar\u00ed\u00adkjanna og a\u00f0ra \u00ed\u00ad K\u00e1kasusfj\u00f6llum. Georg\u00ed\u00ada \u00ed\u00ad K\u00e1sasusfj\u00f6llum er mun eldri og er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 rekja s\u00f6gu hennar langt aftur \u00ed\u00ad t\u00ed\u00admann.<\/p>\n

Fyrst sm\u00e1 saga:<\/strong>
\nM\u00f6rg st\u00f3rveldi fornaldar hafa barist til valda \u00e1 \u00feessu sv\u00e6\u00f0i og m\u00e1 \u00fear m.a. nefna Grikki, Persa, Maked\u00f3n\u00ed\u00adumenn og R\u00f3mverja. S\u00ed\u00ad\u00f0ar var\u00f0 vesturhluti K\u00e1kasus og \u00fear me\u00f0 Georg\u00ed\u00ada hluti af b\u00fdsant\u00ed\u00adska heimsveldinu \u00e1 me\u00f0an Persar r\u00e9\u00f0u austurhlutanum og m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 skiptingu enn \u00ed\u00ad dag, t.d. \u00ed\u00ad mismunandi tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0um Georg\u00ed\u00adumanna og Aserbaijana. Eftir a\u00f0 B\u00fdsans n\u00e1\u00f0i Tbilisi \u00far h\u00f6ndum araba h\u00f3fst gull\u00f6ld Georg\u00ed\u00adu undir nafninu Iveria, en \u00fea\u00f0 land r\u00e9\u00f0i yfir miklum hluta Azerbaijan og austurhluta Tyrklands. \u00deetta gullaldarskei\u00f0 \u00e1 10. til 13. \u00f6ld bygg\u00f0ist a\u00f0 miklu leiti \u00e1 \u00e1v\u00f6xtunum af verslunarlei\u00f0inni milli Evr\u00f3pu og Austur-As\u00ed\u00adu sem l\u00e1 um K\u00e1kasus. Eftir 13. \u00f6ldina r\u00e9\u00f0u hins vegar \u00fdmsir yfir sv\u00e6\u00f0inu; Mong\u00f3lar, Persar og Ott\u00f3manar \u00feeirra helstir. Undir lok 19. aldar n\u00e1\u00f0u R\u00fassar yfirr\u00e1\u00f0um \u00ed\u00ad Georg\u00ed\u00adu. Snemma risu upp s\u00f3s\u00ed\u00adal\u00ed\u00adskar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ernishreyfingar \u00ed\u00ad Georg\u00ed\u00adu og er Iosif Dzhugshvili l\u00ed\u00adklega einn fr\u00e6gasti lei\u00f0togi \u00feeirra en hann t\u00f3k s\u00e9r s\u00ed\u00ad\u00f0ar nafni\u00f0 Stal\u00ed\u00adn.
\nGeorg\u00ed\u00ada l\u00fdsti yfir sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i 1918 en Rau\u00f0i herinn hernam landi\u00f0 1920. S\u00ed\u00ad\u00f0an var landi\u00f0 hluti af Sov\u00e9tr\u00ed\u00adkjunum allt til \u00e1rsins 1992. Fyrstu l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegu kosningarnar innan Sov\u00e9tr\u00ed\u00adkjanna voru haldnar \u00ed\u00ad Georg\u00ed\u00adu \u00e1ri\u00f0 1990 og \u00fe\u00e6r vann Zviad Gamsakhurdia en honum var steypt af st\u00f3li 1992 \u00feegar Shevardnadze t\u00f3k vi\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Eduard Shevardnadze:<\/strong>
\nHann f\u00e6ddist \u00e1ri\u00f0 1927 og var\u00f0 forma\u00f0ur komm\u00fanistaflokks Georg\u00ed\u00adu 1972. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fdddi \u00ed\u00ad raun a\u00f0 hann var \u00e6\u00f0sti emb\u00e6ttisma\u00f0ur \u00ed\u00ad landinu og \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad emb\u00e6tti h\u00e9lt hann til 1985 \u00feegar hann var ger\u00f0ur a\u00f0 utanr\u00ed\u00adkisr\u00e1\u00f0herra Sov\u00e9tr\u00ed\u00adkjanna. \u00dea\u00f0 emb\u00e6tti \u00e1tti hann l\u00ed\u00adklega helst a\u00f0 \u00feakka g\u00f3\u00f0u vinfengi vi\u00f0 Mikhail Gorbasjev og hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega samkennd. \u00deeir f\u00e9lagar hafa fengi\u00f0 mestan hei\u00f0urinn af \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0unni sem var\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum \u00ed\u00ad samskiptum austurs og vesturs og l\u00ed\u00adklega ekki a\u00f0 \u00f3sekju. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0verjar hugsa hl\u00fdtt til Shevardnadze enda sameining \u00de\u00fdskalands bein aflei\u00f0ing af \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum hans og Gorbasjevs. Eftir fall Sov\u00e9tr\u00ed\u00adkjanna sneri Shevardnadze aftur til Georg\u00ed\u00adu og t\u00f3k \u00fear vi\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnartaumunum. Margir R\u00fassar hugsa \u00fe\u00f3 ekki eins hl\u00fdtt til hans og Vesturlandab\u00faar enda er honum a\u00f0 hluta til kennt um endalok Sov\u00e9tr\u00ed\u00adkjanna auk \u00feess sem hann ger\u00f0ist svo \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arlei\u00f0togi \u00feess r\u00ed\u00adkis sem var me\u00f0 \u00feeim fyrstu a\u00f0 segja sig undan r\u00fassneskum yfirr\u00e1\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

Georg\u00ed\u00ada eftir 1992:<\/strong>
\nShevardnadze var mj\u00f6g vins\u00e6ll \u00ed\u00ad upphafi og hlaut um 90% atkv\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a forma\u00f0ur framkv\u00e6mdar\u00e1\u00f0sins en \u00fea\u00f0 var n.k. r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rn sem stofnu\u00f0 var eftir a\u00f0 Gamsakhurdia var rekinn fr\u00e1 v\u00f6ldum. Adam var \u00fe\u00f3 ekki lengi \u00ed\u00ad parad\u00ed\u00ads \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad flj\u00f3tlega f\u00f3r a\u00f0 kr\u00e6la \u00e1 uppreisnarm\u00f6nnum \u00ed\u00ad Abkhas\u00ed\u00adu sem er vestast \u00ed\u00ad Georg\u00ed\u00adu. \u00ed\u0081n fj\u00e1rhagslegs stu\u00f0nings Moskvu-valdsins ur\u00f0u gl\u00e6pakl\u00ed\u00adkur l\u00ed\u00adka valdamiklar \u00ed\u00ad landinu og bar\u00e1tta Shevardnadze skila\u00f0i litlu \u00ed\u00ad bar\u00e1ttunni vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r. Innvi\u00f0ir samf\u00e9lagsins f\u00fanu\u00f0u, mennta- og heilbrig\u00f0iskerfi hraka\u00f0i og Georg\u00ed\u00adub\u00faar ur\u00f0u f\u00e1t\u00e6kari en n\u00fa eru um 60% \u00ed\u00adb\u00faanna undir f\u00e1t\u00e6ktarm\u00f6rkum. \u00dea\u00f0 var ekki fyrr en Shevardnadze gekk til samninga vi\u00f0 R\u00fassa og Georg\u00ed\u00ada gekk \u00ed\u00ad Samveldi sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ra r\u00ed\u00adkja (CIS) a\u00f0 honum t\u00f3kst a\u00f0 n\u00e1 b\u00f6ndum \u00e1 uppreisninni \u00ed\u00ad Abkhas\u00ed\u00adu me\u00f0 stu\u00f0ningi R\u00fassa. Hann vann einnig bug \u00e1 einni sk\u00e6\u00f0ustu gl\u00e6pakl\u00ed\u00adkunni en \u00feurfti a\u00f0 gjalda fyrir me\u00f0 vins\u00e6ldum s\u00ed\u00adnum \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad \u00ed\u00ad kosningunum 1995 f\u00e9kk hann 20% minna fylgi en \u00e1\u00f0ur. M\u00e1 a\u00f0 mestu rekja \u00fea\u00f0 til \u00e1sakana um undanl\u00e1tssemi gagnvart R\u00fassum sem settu upp \u00ferj\u00e1r herst\u00f6\u00f0var \u00ed\u00ad landinu. Fyrir kosningarnar haf\u00f0i Shevardnadze stofna\u00f0 sinn eiginn stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laflokk sem hefur barist fyrir hann \u00e1 \u00feingi og er Shevardnadze \u00ed\u00ad raun lei\u00f0togi hans a\u00f0 \u00f6llu \u00f6\u00f0ru leiti en a\u00f0 nafninu til. \u00c1 \u00feessum t\u00ed\u00adma var\u00f0 einnig fyrsta tilr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 gegn honum og s\u00ed\u00ad\u00f0an fylgdi anna\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1998. Fr\u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00ed\u00adma hefur m\u00e1tt sj\u00e1 miklar breytingar \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnunarst\u00ed\u00adl Shevardnadze. Hann er varf\u00e6rnari og \u00f3\u00e1r\u00e6\u00f0nari enda tapa\u00f0i hann enn fylgi \u00ed\u00ad kosningunum 2000 \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 hann h\u00e9ldi emb\u00e6tti forseta. \u00ed\u0081sakanir um spillingu hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 h\u00e1v\u00e6rari \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00ad\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum.<\/p>\n

N\u00fdjustu atbur\u00f0ir:<\/strong>
\nN\u00fa \u00ed\u00ad n\u00f3vember voru haldnar \u00feingkosningar \u00ed\u00ad Georg\u00ed\u00adu og f\u00f3r flokkur Shevardnadze me\u00f0 sigur af h\u00f3lmi me\u00f0 21% atkv\u00e6\u00f0a, samstarfsflokkurinn hlaut 18,8% og \u00feannig trygg\u00f0i Shevardnadze s\u00e9r n\u00e6gan stu\u00f0ning \u00e1 \u00feinginu. Stuttu eftir kosningarnar f\u00f3r hins vegar a\u00f0 bera \u00e1 \u00e1s\u00f6kunum um kosningasvindl og voru \u00fe\u00e6r studdar umm\u00e6lum eftirlitsmanna sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u ekki fengi\u00f0 a\u00f0 fylgjast me\u00f0 \u00f6llum kj\u00f6rst\u00f6\u00f0um og og s\u00f6g\u00f0u \u00farslitin endurspegla miki\u00f0 kosningsvindl \u00ed\u00ad m\u00f6rgum h\u00e9ru\u00f0um. Lei\u00f0togar stj\u00f3rnarandst\u00f6\u00f0unnar Mikhail Saakashvili og Tsotne Bakuria h\u00f3fu \u00feegar a\u00f0 m\u00f3tm\u00e6la ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0unum me\u00f0 \u00feeim \u00e1rangri a\u00f0 \u00feegar herinn sneri baki vi\u00f0 Shevardnadze, en honum haf\u00f0i hann reynt a\u00f0 beita \u00e1 m\u00f3tm\u00e6lendur, s\u00e1 hann sig tilneyddan til a\u00f0 segja af s\u00e9r enda lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 kosningasvindli\u00f0 sem flokkur hans st\u00f3\u00f0 fyrir getur vart anna\u00f0 en veri\u00f0 undan hans rifjum runni\u00f0 e\u00f0a a\u00f0 minnsta kosti me\u00f0 hans vitneskju enda haf\u00f0i fylgi hans enn dv\u00ed\u00adna\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2000.<\/p>\n

Sta\u00f0an og huglei\u00f0ingar:<\/strong>
\n\u00dea\u00f0 er vissulega sj\u00f3narsviptir af Eduard Shevardnadze af svi\u00f0i al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0astj\u00f3rnm\u00e1la \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad hann er \u00e1n efa einn af st\u00f3ru k\u00f6llunum \u00e1 \u00feeim vettvangi \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00ad\u00f0ustu \u00f6ld. Enginn skyldi \u00fe\u00f3 gr\u00e1ta mikilmenni sem haf\u00f0i falli\u00f0 af h\u00e1um stalli ni\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 plan a\u00f0 keppast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 halda v\u00f6ldum s\u00ed\u00adnum og st\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 kj\u00f6tkatlana me\u00f0 kosningasvindli. \u00dea\u00f0 besta sem h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 segja um hann n\u00fa er a\u00f0 hann s\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 s\u00e9r og h\u00e6tti \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 til mikilla bl\u00f3\u00f0s\u00fathellinga \u00feyrfti a\u00f0 koma. \u00de\u00e6r vangaveltur hafa \u00fe\u00f3 komi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 atbur\u00f0ar\u00e1s \u00feessi hafi \u00f6ll veri\u00f0 h\u00f6nnu\u00f0 af Bandar\u00ed\u00adkjam\u00f6nnum sem munu hafa reynt samb\u00e6rilega hluti \u00ed\u00ad J\u00fag\u00f3slav\u00ed\u00adu (me\u00f0 \u00e1rangri) og \u00ed\u00ad Hv\u00ed\u00adta R\u00fasslandi (\u00e1r\u00e1ngurslaust). Kenningin gengur \u00fat \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad sem spillingin j\u00f3kst \u00ed\u00ad Georg\u00ed\u00adu og Shevardnadze var\u00f0 handgengnari R\u00fassum hafi Bandar\u00ed\u00adkjam\u00f6nnum fundist nau\u00f0syn til stj\u00f3rnarskipta \u00fear sem lei\u00f0togar stj\u00f3rnarandst\u00f6\u00f0unnar munu vera me\u00f0 eind\u00e6mum Bandar\u00ed\u00adkjav\u00e6nir. \u00dea\u00f0 skiptir einnig miklu m\u00e1li \u00ed\u00ad \u00feessu samhengi a\u00f0 fyrirhugu\u00f0 ol\u00ed\u00adulei\u00f0sla fr\u00e1 Kasp\u00ed\u00adahafi mun liggja um Georg\u00ed\u00adu til Vesturlanda og hli\u00f0holl r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rn \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad \u00e6skileg. S\u00ed\u00ad\u00f0ustu vikurnar fyrir kosningarnar mun \u00feannig talsver\u00f0ur fj\u00f6ldi bandar\u00ed\u00adskra r\u00e1\u00f0gjafa hafa heims\u00f3tt landi\u00f0, b\u00e6\u00f0i til a\u00f0 tala um fyrir Shevardnadze og til a\u00f0 leggja \u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0in me\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarandst\u00f6\u00f0unni. Einnig munu Bandar\u00ed\u00adkjamenn hafa \u00f3ttast a\u00f0 me\u00f0 minnkandi v\u00f6ldum r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rnar Shevardnadze og aukinni spillingu yr\u00f0i landi\u00f0 v\u00e6nlegt a\u00f0setur hry\u00f0juverkamanna (les. arab\u00ed\u00adskra andst\u00e6\u00f0inga Bandar\u00ed\u00adkjamanna). \u00c9g veit ekki hversu mikinn tr\u00fana\u00f0 er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 leggja \u00ed\u00ad svona kenningar en \u00fe\u00e6r eru \u00fe\u00f3 birtar \u00e1 vef BBC. <\/p>\n

Vona \u00e9g a\u00f0 grein \u00feessi hafi veri\u00f0 m\u00f6rgum til fr\u00f3\u00f0leiks, einhverjum til \u00e1n\u00e6gju og vonandi engum til lei\u00f0inda. \u00c6tla \u00e9g a\u00f0 lokum a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad yfir a\u00f0 \u00e9g mun ekki skrifa a\u00f0ra \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 margir hlutir \u00ed\u00ad \u00feessum heimi komi \u00ed\u00ad p\u00f6rum.<\/p>\n

Heimildir:<\/strong>
\nFr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0i\u00f0 (25. og 26. n\u00f3vember)
\nhttp:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk
\nhttp:\/\/www.pravda.ru
\nhttp:\/\/sg.travel.yahoo.com\/guide\/europe\/georgia\/history.html
\nhttp:\/\/www.osgf.ge\/all\/ika\/eduard_shevardnadze.htm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00ed\u008d dag \u00e6tla \u00e9g a\u00f0 breg\u00f0a a\u00f0eins \u00fat af vananum og r\u00f6fla ekki bara stefnulaust um \u00fea\u00f0 sem m\u00e9r dettur \u00ed\u00ad hug. \u00deess \u00ed\u00ad sta\u00f0 \u00e6tla \u00e9g a\u00f0 birta h\u00e9r grein sem \u00e9g hef skrifa\u00f0 um Stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1l \u00ed\u00ad Georg\u00ed\u00adu sem \u00e9g k\u00fds a\u00f0 kalla: Gr\u00faska\u00f0 um Georg\u00ed\u00adu. \u00dea\u00f0 er margt \u00ed\u00ad heiminum sem kemur \u00ed\u00ad […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-almennt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}