{"id":878,"date":"2011-08-19T11:42:30","date_gmt":"2011-08-19T11:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gamla.truflun.net\/daniel\/?p=878"},"modified":"2011-08-19T11:42:30","modified_gmt":"2011-08-19T11:42:30","slug":"ny-stjornarskra-2-undirsto%c3%b0ur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/2011\/08\/19\/ny-stjornarskra-2-undirsto%c3%b0ur\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fd Stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 2 – Undirst\u00f6\u00f0ur"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00e9r<\/a> er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 lesa 1. kafla till\u00f6gunnar a\u00f0 n\u00fdrri stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 sem heitir: Undirst\u00f6\u00f0ur<\/a>.
\nVi\u00f0 skulum lita \u00e1 \u00feessar 5 greinar sem eiga a\u00f0 vera undirst\u00f6\u00f0ur L\u00fd\u00f0veldisins:<\/p>\n

1. gr. Stj\u00f3rnarform
\n\u00cdsland er l\u00fd\u00f0veldi me\u00f0 \u00feingr\u00e6\u00f0isstj\u00f3rn.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00deetta er \u00ed\u00ad raun samhlj\u00f3\u00f0a n\u00faverandi 1. grein: „\u00cdsland er l\u00fd\u00f0veldi me\u00f0 \u00feingbundinni stj\u00f3rn“<\/em> bara a\u00f0eins anna\u00f0 or\u00f0alag. \u00dearna er samt fyrsti \u00e1steitingarsteinn minn vi\u00f0 n\u00fdju stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1nna. M\u00e9r finnst nefnilega s\u00e1 si\u00f0ur a\u00f0 Al\u00feingi kj\u00f3si r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rn og r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rn ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 hafa meirihluta \u00e1 Al\u00feingi ekki hafa gefist s\u00e9rstaklega vel. \u00deetta er fyrirkomulag sem lei\u00f0ir til algers tangarhalds r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rna \u00e1 \u00feinginu og yfirt\u00f6ku \u00feess \u00e1 l\u00f6ggjafarvaldinu. \u00deing sem er \u00feannig algerlega h\u00e1\u00f0 r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rn hefur ekkert vald yfir henni og \u00e1 mj\u00f6g erfitt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 sinna eftirlitshlutverki s\u00ed\u00adnu gagnvart framkv\u00e6mdavaldinu.<\/p>\n

N\u00e6sta grein er svohlj\u00f3\u00f0andi:<\/p>\n

2. gr. Handhafar r\u00ed\u00adkisvalds
\nAl\u00feingi fer me\u00f0 l\u00f6ggjafarvaldi\u00f0 \u00ed\u00ad umbo\u00f0i \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00deetta er einfaldlega rangt \u00fear sem \u00feetta stangast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 fyrstu greinina \u00ed\u00ad \u00feessum kafla. \u00dear sem er \u00feingr\u00e6\u00f0isstj\u00f3rn r\u00e6\u00f0ur stj\u00f3rnin yfir \u00feinginu og fer \u00fe.a.l. b\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mda- og l\u00f6ggjafarvald. \u00deannig er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed\u00ad n\u00faverandi stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 og \u00feannig ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1fram m.v. \u00feetta. Eina lei\u00f0in til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed\u00ad veg fyrir yfirt\u00f6ku r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rnar \u00e1 l\u00f6ggjafarvaldinu er a\u00f0 kj\u00f3sa hana \u00ed\u00ad s\u00e9rstakri kosningu og meina henni a\u00f0 leggja l\u00f6g fyrir \u00feingi\u00f0. Jafnvel g\u00e6ti r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rn \u00feurft a\u00f0 leggja fj\u00e1rhags\u00e1\u00e6tlun fyrir \u00feingi\u00f0 sem myndi svo setja fj\u00e1rl\u00f6g \u00fat fr\u00e1 henni. \u00ed\u008d dag kemur \u00f6ll lagasetning fr\u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0uneytunum og \u00feannig ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1fram m.v. \u00feessi dr\u00f6g a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1.
\nAllt \u00ed\u00ad lagi, \u00e1fram heldur \u00feessi grein:<\/p>\n

Forseti \u00cdslands, r\u00e1\u00f0herrar og r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rn og \u00f6nnur stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld fara me\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mdarvaldi\u00f0.
\nH\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur \u00cdslands og a\u00f0rir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar fara me\u00f0 d\u00f3msvaldi\u00f0.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Upptalningin \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad hva\u00f0a vald r\u00e1\u00f0herrar, r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rn og \u00f6nnur stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld fara me\u00f0 er reyndar \u00f3fullkomin m.v. \u00fea\u00f0 sem sag\u00f0i \u00e1 undan um l\u00f6ggjafarvaldi\u00f0. Enn\u00fe\u00e1 er einnig gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0herra skipi d\u00f3mara. \u00ed\u008d \u00feessum dr\u00f6gum er ekki einu sinni gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 Al\u00feingi \u00feurfi a\u00f0 sam\u00feykkja \u00fe\u00e1 skipan (sem raunar hef\u00f0i engu skipt \u00fear sem r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rnin \u00e1 a\u00f0 hafa meirihluta \u00e1 Al\u00feingi). D\u00f3msvaldi\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad \u00ed\u00ad raun \u00ed\u00ad h\u00f6ndum r\u00e1\u00f0herra l\u00ed\u00adka. \u00deannig m\u00e1 umor\u00f0a 2. grein \u00ed\u00ad heild sinni svona: „Allt vald er \u00ed\u00ad h\u00f6ndum formanna \u00feeirra flokka sem mynda r\u00ed\u00adkisstj\u00f3rn hverju sinni.<\/em>“ s.s. engin breyting \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad sem kollkeyr\u00f0i landi\u00f0.<\/p>\n

N\u00e6sta grein:<\/p>\n

3. gr. Yfirr\u00e1\u00f0asv\u00e6\u00f0i
\n\u00cdslenskt landsv\u00e6\u00f0i er eitt og \u00f3skipt. M\u00f6rk \u00ed\u00adslenskrar landhelgi, lofthelgi og efnahagsl\u00f6gs\u00f6gu skulu \u00e1kve\u00f0in me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

J\u00fa, j\u00fa, allt \u00ed\u00ad lagi. Kemur \u00ed\u00ad veg fyrir a\u00f0 Vestmannaeyjar l\u00fdsi yfir sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i en s\u00f3 vatt? E.t.v. ekki l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegasta stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rgrein sem h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 hugsa s\u00e9r.<\/p>\n

4. gr. R\u00ed\u00adkisborgarar\u00e9ttur
\nR\u00e9tt til \u00ed\u00adslensks r\u00ed\u00adkisfangs \u00f6\u00f0last \u00feeir sem eiga foreldri me\u00f0 \u00ed\u00adslenskt r\u00ed\u00adkisfang. R\u00ed\u00adkisborgarar\u00e9ttur ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti veittur samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum.
\nEngan m\u00e1 svipta \u00ed\u00adslenskum r\u00ed\u00adkisborgarar\u00e9tti.
\n\u00cdslenskum r\u00ed\u00adkisborgara ver\u00f0ur ekki meina\u00f0 a\u00f0 koma til landsins n\u00e9 ver\u00f0ur honum v\u00ed\u00adsa\u00f0 \u00far landi. Me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum skal skipa\u00f0 r\u00e9tti \u00fatlendinga til a\u00f0 koma til landsins og dveljast h\u00e9r, svo og fyrir hva\u00f0a sakir s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 v\u00ed\u00adsa \u00feeim \u00far landi.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hef svo sem engar athugasemdir \u00feannig, en \u00f6rf\u00e1ar spurningar. \u00dea\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00ed\u00adkisborgarar\u00e9ttur s\u00e9 veittur skv. l\u00f6gum, \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 Al\u00feingi getur haldi\u00f0 \u00e1fram a\u00f0 veita r\u00e9tt tengdum \u00fatlendingum r\u00ed\u00adkisborgarar\u00e9tt me\u00f0an a\u00f0rir \u00feurfa a\u00f0 b\u00ed\u00ad\u00f0a \u00e1rum saman? Af hverju m\u00e1 ekki svipta menn r\u00ed\u00adkisborgarar\u00e9tti? Kemur \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 um a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00adslenskum r\u00ed\u00adkisborgara ver\u00f0i ekki v\u00ed\u00adsa\u00f0 \u00far landi \u00ed\u00ad veg fyrir a\u00f0 framsalssamningar virki?
\nS\u00ed\u00ad\u00f0asta greinin \u00ed\u00ad \u00feessum kafla:<\/p>\n

5. gr. Skyldur borgaranna
\nStj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ldum ber a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 allir f\u00e1i noti\u00f0 \u00feeirra r\u00e9ttinda og \u00feess frelsis sem \u00ed\u00ad \u00feessari stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 felast.
\nAllir skulu vir\u00f0a stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 \u00feessa \u00ed\u00ad hv\u00ed\u00advetna, sem og \u00feau l\u00f6g, skyldur og r\u00e9ttindi sem af henni lei\u00f0a.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00dearna er sagt a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld skuli fara eftir \u00feessari stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 og allir \u00feegnar landsins l\u00ed\u00adka. \u00dearf virkilega a\u00f0 setja \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed\u00ad l\u00f6g og stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eigi a\u00f0 fara eftir \u00feeim? Allt \u00ed\u00ad lagi \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i en a\u00f0 m\u00ed\u00adnu mati algerlega tilgangslaust.<\/p>\n

Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a<\/strong>: \u00deessi dr\u00f6g sta\u00f0festa yfirr\u00e1\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mdavaldsins, og \u00fear me\u00f0 tveggja til \u00feriggja einstaklinga \u00ed\u00ad einu, yfir \u00f6llum valdsvi\u00f0um landsins. \u00deetta fyrirkomulag leiddi landi\u00f0 \u00fat \u00ed\u00ad \u00fe\u00e6r \u00f3g\u00f6ngur sem vi\u00f0 lentum \u00ed\u00ad og mun gera \u00fea\u00f0 aftur. Vonbrig\u00f0i m\u00ed\u00adn yfir \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad a\u00f0 ekki skuli skili\u00f0 betur \u00e1 milli valdsvi\u00f0anna \u00ed\u00ad \u00feessum dr\u00f6gum eru g\u00ed\u00adfurleg. \u00dear sem \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki gert ver\u00f0a aukinheldur flest \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i sem \u00e1 eftir fylgja \u00ed\u00ad \u00feessum dr\u00f6gum \u00f3markver\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad \u00feau ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a \u00ed\u00ad \u00fev\u00ed\u00ad lj\u00f3si a\u00f0 \u00ed\u00ad \u00feessum kafla er b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 festa f\u00e1mennisstj\u00f3rnr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed\u00ad stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. Allt tal um eftirlitshlutverk, sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i d\u00f3mst\u00f3la, ranns\u00f3knarnefndir o.s.frv. er me\u00f0 \u00feessum kafla gert tilgangslaust.
\n\u00deessi kafli er fyrst og fremst \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e9g mun aldrei geta sam\u00feykkt \u00feessi dr\u00f6g \u00ed\u00ad \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00e9r er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 lesa 1. kafla till\u00f6gunnar a\u00f0 n\u00fdrri stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 sem heitir: Undirst\u00f6\u00f0ur. Vi\u00f0 skulum lita \u00e1 \u00feessar 5 greinar sem eiga a\u00f0 vera undirst\u00f6\u00f0ur L\u00fd\u00f0veldisins: 1. gr. Stj\u00f3rnarform \u00cdsland er l\u00fd\u00f0veldi me\u00f0 \u00feingr\u00e6\u00f0isstj\u00f3rn. \u00deetta er \u00ed\u00ad raun samhlj\u00f3\u00f0a n\u00faverandi 1. grein: „\u00cdsland er l\u00fd\u00f0veldi me\u00f0 \u00feingbundinni stj\u00f3rn“ bara a\u00f0eins anna\u00f0 or\u00f0alag. \u00dearna er […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,9,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-almennt","category-menning","category-politik-innanlands"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/878\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/daniel\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}