Hva\u00f0 er m\u00e6lt me\u00f0 greindarv\u00edsit\u00f6lu. Greind segja margir. \u00c9g held ekki. Greindarv\u00edsitala er \u00ed raun \u00e1g\u00e6t \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00e6la \u00fe\u00e6tti \u00ed fari f\u00f3lks sem eru l\u00edklegir til \u00feess a\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpa \u00feeim a\u00f0 komast \u00e1fram \u00ed okkar samf\u00e9lagi. En \u00feetta er ekki greind, e\u00f0a allavega ekki nema mj\u00f6g \u00fer\u00f6ng skilgreining \u00e1 greind. \u00c1kaflega \u00fer\u00f6ng skilgreining.<\/p>\n
\u00cd stuttu m\u00e1li \u00fe\u00e1 er fullt af f\u00f3lki sem myndi \u00e1n efa m\u00e6last me\u00f0 h\u00e1a greindarv\u00edsit\u00f6lu sem \u00e9g myndi hiklaust kalla vitlaust. S\u00ed\u00f0an er til f\u00f3lk sem myndi ekki skora mj\u00f6g h\u00e1tt \u00e1 sl\u00edkum pr\u00f3fum en er \u00e1n efa g\u00e1fa\u00f0.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edklega nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 taka fram a\u00f0 \u00e9g er ekki a\u00f0 tala um hluti eins og tilfinningagreind. \u00c9g er a\u00f0 meina \u00fea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 myndum almennt tala um \u00feegar vi\u00f0 segjum a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk s\u00e9 kl\u00e1rt e\u00f0a g\u00e1fa\u00f0.<\/p>\n
\u00dea\u00f0 segir l\u00edka sitt a\u00f0 greindarpr\u00f3f eru svo g\u00f6llu\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 \u00e6fa sig til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 h\u00e6rri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar eru alltaf h\u00e1\u00f0ar einhverju sem hefur ekkert me\u00f0 greind a\u00f0 gera.<\/p>\n
Greindarpr\u00f3f hafa alltaf m\u00f3tast af reynsluheimi \u00feeirra sem semja \u00feau. Sums\u00e9 hva\u00f0 h\u00f6fundunum finnst mikilv\u00e6gt, hvernig \u00feeir tala og hvernig \u00feeir upplifa heiminn. S\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ratugi hafa \u00fe\u00f3 or\u00f0i\u00f0 t\u00f6luver\u00f0ar framfarir \u00ed \u00feeim efnum. \u00de\u00f3 er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 nefna a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 fr\u00e6\u00f0in hafi batna\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00fea\u00f0 ekki a\u00f0 \u00f6ll pr\u00f3f s\u00e9u or\u00f0in betri.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta lei\u00f0ir okkur a\u00f0 spurningu sem er, a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati, ekki gagnleg. Markast greind frekar af erf\u00f0um e\u00f0a umhverfi? Undirliggjandi spurning er s\u00ed\u00f0an hvort „kyn\u00fe\u00e1ttur“ f\u00f3lks \u00e1kvar\u00f0i greind \u00feess.<\/p>\n
Lengst af voru greindarpr\u00f3fin ger\u00f0 n\u00e6r eing\u00f6ngu af hv\u00edtum k\u00f6llum \u00ed efri st\u00e9ttum samf\u00e9lagsins og \u00e1hrif \u00feeirra eru enn\u00fe\u00e1 mikil. \u00deessir hv\u00edtu kallar komust mj\u00f6g \u00f3v\u00e6nt a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hv\u00edtir karlar \u00ed efri st\u00e9ttum samf\u00e9lagsins v\u00e6ru kl\u00e1rastir af \u00f6llum. Hv\u00edtir kallar hafa \u00ed gegnum t\u00ed\u00f0ina veri\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega duglegir a\u00f0 finna lei\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 sta\u00f0festa a\u00f0 \u00feeir s\u00e9u fr\u00e1b\u00e6rir. \u00dea\u00f0 er eitt af m\u00f6rgu sem \u00feeir eru bestir \u00ed.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar \u00e1 lei\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 kom au\u00f0vita\u00f0 \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 meintir yfirbur\u00f0ir hv\u00edtra kalla voru hverfandi. Eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem kvenr\u00e9ttindi hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 almennari \u00fe\u00e1 hefur kynjamunurinn n\u00e6r horfi\u00f0.<\/p>\n
En hva\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00feessu meintu „kyn\u00fe\u00e6tti“? S\u00e1 munur hefur l\u00edka minnka\u00f0 gr\u00ed\u00f0arlega. A\u00f0 hluta til er \u00fea\u00f0 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 pr\u00f3fin eru ekki lengur hv\u00edtukallami\u00f0u\u00f0 heldur sj\u00e1um vi\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 sem hefur veri\u00f0 kalla\u00f0 Flynn-\u00e1hrifin. Flynn er reyndar hv\u00edtur kall en hann hefur bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00f3lki gengur s\u00edfellt betur \u00ed greindarpr\u00f3fum. Er f\u00f3lk s\u00edfellt a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a greindara?<\/p>\n
\u00deegar vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum Flynn-\u00e1hrifin \u00ed huga \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur augj\u00f3st a\u00f0 umhverfis\u00e1hrif hlj\u00f3ta a\u00f0 vera veigamikill \u00fe\u00e1ttur \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed sem er m\u00e6lt me\u00f0 greindarv\u00edsit\u00f6lu.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar \u00e9g heyri f\u00f3lk tala um a\u00f0 erf\u00f0ir s\u00e9u langmikilv\u00e6gastar \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 greind \u00fe\u00e1 hugsa \u00e9g um Mowgli og \u00f6nnur b\u00f6rn sem eru alin upp \u00e1n a\u00f0sto\u00f0ar mannf\u00f3lks. Ef vi\u00f0 myndum leggja greindarpr\u00f3f fyrir Mowgli um lei\u00f0 og hann kemur \u00far frumsk\u00f3ginum \u00fe\u00e1 myndi hann ekki skora h\u00e1tt. Umhverfi\u00f0 hefur \u00fev\u00ed t\u00f6luver\u00f0 \u00e1hrif.<\/p>\n
En \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki bara \u00ed einhverjum hugarflugsd\u00e6mum um frumsk\u00f3garb\u00f6rn sem vi\u00f0 sj\u00e1um \u00e1hrif umhverfis. \u00deau \u00e1hrif eru nefnilega alltumlykjandi. Menntun skiptir gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegu m\u00e1li. Menntun foreldra skiptir m\u00e1li. N\u00e6ring skiptir m\u00e1li. Mengun skiptir m\u00e1li. Efnahagur skiptir m\u00e1li.<\/p>\n
Vandinn er a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er vo\u00f0alega erfitt a\u00f0 m\u00e6la umhverfis\u00e1hrif \u00e1 greind. \u00de\u00fa getur ekki einangra\u00f0 \u00feessar breytur. \u00dea\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ar ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 tv\u00edburunum sem hafa veri\u00f0 \u00e6ttleiddir \u00ed sitt hvora fj\u00f6lskylduna en \u00fe\u00e6r segja okkur l\u00edti\u00f0. \u00deetta eru nefnilega svo f\u00e1 d\u00e6mi og \u00fea\u00f0 var almennt l\u00edtill munur \u00e1 fj\u00f6lskyldunum sem \u00e6ttleiddu tv\u00edburana. Umhverfi\u00f0 var sums\u00e9 n\u00e6ri eins.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar f\u00f3lk heldur \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 greind f\u00f3lks s\u00e9 a\u00f0allega m\u00f6rku\u00f0 af erf\u00f0um \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki bara ska\u00f0legt af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feetta eru l\u00e9leg v\u00edsindi heldur l\u00edka vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk hrapar a\u00f0 \u00e1lyktunum um greind annarra vegna uppruna \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta lei\u00f0ir mig a\u00f0 alr\u00e6mdri b\u00f3k \u00feessa daganna. The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life<\/em> kom \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 1994. \u00c1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma var h\u00fan j\u00f6r\u00f0u\u00f0 enda bygg\u00f0i h\u00fan ekki \u00e1 traustum v\u00edsindum e\u00f0a g\u00f3\u00f0ri st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00dear sem gagnr\u00fdnin \u00e1 b\u00f3kina var a\u00f0 mestu leyti bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 kyn\u00fe\u00e1ttahyggjunni sem \u00ed henni birtist \u00fe\u00e1 yfirs\u00e9st m\u00f6rgum a\u00f0 h\u00fan er fyrst fremst \u00e6tlu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ta st\u00e9ttaskiptingu samf\u00e9lagsins. \u00deeir sem eru \u00e1 ne\u00f0stu stigum samf\u00e9lagsins s\u00e9u \u00fea\u00f0 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeir eru heimskari en hinir r\u00edku og menntu\u00f0u. Sta\u00f0a \u00feeirra markast af erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum takm\u00f6rkunum sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 allar hugmyndir um a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00feeirra me\u00f0 menntun s\u00e9 einfaldlega s\u00f3un \u00e1 peningum.<\/p>\n Eftirlifandi h\u00f6fundur b\u00f3karinnar Charles Murray tilheyrir ekki fr\u00e6\u00f0asamf\u00e9laginu. Hann vinnur fyrir \u00edhaldssaman hugsanatank\u00b9<\/a>. Skrif hans eru fyrst og fremst p\u00f3lit\u00edsk og eru fj\u00e1rm\u00f6gnu\u00f0 af r\u00edku f\u00f3lk sem vill borga l\u00e6gri skatta. \u00de\u00f3 me\u00f0h\u00f6fundur hans (sem drapst um svipa\u00f0 leyti og b\u00f3kin kom) hafi veri\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lama\u00f0ur segir \u00fea\u00f0 sitt a\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knir \u00feeirra voru ekki birtar \u00ed ritr\u00fdndum fr\u00e6\u00f0iritum. Sl\u00edk fr\u00e6\u00f0irit hef\u00f0u vonandi bent \u00e1 allavega sumar villurnar \u00e1\u00f0ur en a\u00f0 birtingu kom.<\/p>\n \u00c1 \u00cdslandi h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 ekki jafn mikla s\u00f6gu af kerfisbundinni kyn\u00fe\u00e1ttahyggju og Bandar\u00edkin, Frakkland e\u00f0a Bretland en vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum r\u00edka s\u00f6gu af st\u00e9ttamismunun \u00fe\u00f3 h\u00fan hafi lengi veri\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feagnargildi. Sk\u00f3lar mismunu\u00f0u nemendum \u00e1 grundvelli uppruna \u00feeirra (og gera l\u00edklega enn \u00fe\u00f3 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 hverfandi). Nemendur af f\u00e1t\u00e6kum heimilum voru \u00e1litnir heimskir og a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri ekkert gagn \u00ed a\u00f0 mennta \u00fe\u00e1. B\u00f6rn hinna r\u00edku fengu forgang \u00ed r\u00e9ttu sk\u00f3lana. \u00deetta var skelfilegt kerfi sem eitra\u00f0i samf\u00e9lagi\u00f0. Vi\u00f0 viljum vonandi ekki sn\u00faa til baka \u00ed \u00feessum m\u00e1lum og um lei\u00f0 hlj\u00f3tum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 h\u00e6ttuna \u00feegar ruslv\u00edsindi sannf\u00e6ra f\u00f3lk um a\u00f0 stimpla f\u00f3lk me\u00f0 annan h\u00f6rundslit heimskt.<\/p>\n \u00c9g held a\u00f0 greindarpr\u00f3f segi okkur ekki miki\u00f0 og geri ekki miki\u00f0 gagn. \u00deau eru g\u00f6llu\u00f0 og hafa haft ska\u00f0leg \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00f3talmarga. \u00dea\u00f0 er vissulega gaman a\u00f0 f\u00e1 g\u00f3\u00f0a ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00far sl\u00edku pr\u00f3fi en \u00fea\u00f0 hefur ekkert miki\u00f0 meiri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu en \u00f6nnur pr\u00f3f sem ma\u00f0ur hefur teki\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum t\u00ed\u00f0ina. \u00dea\u00f0 er f\u00e1tt vandr\u00e6\u00f0alegra en \u00feegar f\u00f3lk montar sig af greindarv\u00edsit\u00f6lu sinni – s\u00e9rstaklega \u00feegar \u00feetta „f\u00f3lk“ er ma\u00f0ur sj\u00e1lfur fyrir tuttugu \u00e1rum.<\/p>\n \u00b2 \u00c9g veit a\u00f0 margir kalla \u00feetta hugveitur en a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati er \u00feetta tankur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Hva\u00f0 er m\u00e6lt me\u00f0 greindarv\u00edsit\u00f6lu. Greind segja margir. \u00c9g held ekki. Greindarv\u00edsitala er \u00ed raun \u00e1g\u00e6t \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00e6la \u00fe\u00e6tti \u00ed fari f\u00f3lks sem eru l\u00edklegir til \u00feess a\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpa \u00feeim a\u00f0 komast \u00e1fram \u00ed okkar samf\u00e9lagi. En \u00feetta er ekki greind, e\u00f0a allavega ekki nema mj\u00f6g \u00fer\u00f6ng skilgreining \u00e1 greind. \u00c1kaflega \u00fer\u00f6ng skilgreining. … Halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 lesa: Takm\u00f6rku\u00f0 greindarv\u00edsitala<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18882,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-visindi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18881","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18881"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18881\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23424,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18881\/revisions\/23424"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18881"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18881"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/truflun.net\/oligneisti\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18881"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}